23 Kasım 2012 Cuma

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Climate Central -  After looking at 226 tree species at 81 locations around the world, two dozen experts from around the world have determined that fully 70 percent of trees are likely to suffer if conditions get drier — and it doesn’t matter whether those trees live in wet or dry habitats.

What actually kills a drought-stressed tree is something called “hydraulic failure.” Normally, water evaporates (or more accurately, transpires) from a tree’s leaves or needles through tiny pores called stomata. As the water exits, it creates a suction that pulls more water up from the roots through tiny channels in the trunk, in the woody tissue known as xylem.

During a drought, however, the rate of transpiration goes up, increasing the suction, while the amount of available water at the roots goes down. The extra suction can pull air bubbles in through pores in the sides of the channels, and when that happens, the channels become clogged.

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